Validation of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder :: Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD

The intention of this study is to validate the issue of PTSD which any(prenominal) have attempted to discredit as a medical condition. To achieve this, the magnitude and incidence rate of the condition requires robust evidence. This study is taking petty(a) data from the Vietnam Veterans National Readjustment Survey (NVVRS) and developing the analysis further. The technique employed here is Meta analysis which is more typically used for quantitative belles-lettres applications. In any analysis of secondary data it is crucial to consider the incidence rates of mental health issues among those who fought in Vietnam. It is also important to fall apart factors between the time periods of their lives before they joined the military, while they served in the military and their lives after they left the forces. It is central to what we are trying to achieve to identify those who king be at high risk of developing PTSD, as people will react in differing ways to different stimul i such as wretched events or accentuateful circumstances. Population and Sample The data sample used for this study will be substantial due to the amount of information self-possessed on post traumatic stress disorder. Samples were drawn from the nationwide probability sample of the NVVRS study. The first sample included 479,000 males Vietnam veterans (15.2 % of the total) who met the criteria for current post traumatic stress disorder. The second sample included 7,200 female Vietnam veterans with a current prevalence rate of 8.5%. The third set of samples included 350,000 Vietnam veterans of both genders, with 11.1% male and 7.8% female partial PTSD incidence rates. The last set of samples showed 30.6% of male Vietnam veteran and 26.9% of female veterans who met the criteria for developing PTSD (Kulka et al. 1990). Due to significant time constraints and limited access to information, a decision was made to use a Meta-Analysis. The Meta-Analysis provides a systematic evalua tion of the quantitative analysis, which combines and summarizes several different studies. This method offers control over the data analysis, and by using statistical software, it addresses related hypotheses for delivery of precision in the use of codes. The main aim and focus of the Meta-Analysis in this research involves clearly identifying the problem and researching the publications for primary or representative studies. This approach allows for the creation of an appropriate data set for the evaluation, coding and analysis of the data in order to produce a valid analysis of the results.

Characterization, Theme, and Imagery of Ray Bradburys The Pedestrian :: Ray Bradbury, The Pedestrian

Two Works Cited    Mankind has made great leaps toward progress with inventions equivalent the television. However, as children recrudesce up reading and playacting outdoors to plug into the television set, one might wonder whether it is progress or regression. In The Pedestrian, Ray Bradbury has chosen to constitute a statement on the effects of these improvements. Through characterization and imagery, he shows that if mankind advances to the point where society loses its valet, then mankind may as rise up cease to exist.   Bradbury has elected to gleam the manity of mankind in the character of Mr. Mead. First of all, Mr. Mead is associated with warm, bright commence, which is symbolic of soul. If, during his night walks, people are alerted to his presence, lights ... click on (104). In essence, the embo silentent of sympatheticity is about. Mr. Meads house beams loud yellow illumination (105). Since literature not only records the history of mankind but a lso evokes heavy feeling among men, it brings this occupation closelipped to the heart of humanity. Third, Mr. Mead is close to nature. Something as simple as taking a walk is what Mr. Leonard Mead most dearly loved to do (104). Man is most human when surrounded by the elements. Also, Mr. Meads shadow is described as the shadow of a hawk, relating him to a wild and free-spirited bird (104). Last, Mr. Mead is brought into a parallel with the most tender and human holiday observed in the western world when the rush of cold air makes his lungs blaze like a Christmas steer (104). The combination of these elements makes Mr. Mead a uncoiled representative of humanity.   As a contrast to the humanity portrayed by Mr. Mead, Bradbury has mirrored the characteristics of progress in the police car. The car, as well as Mr. Mead, is associated with light. The light of the car, however, displays the absence of humanity. Rather than the warm light of Mr. Mead, the car possesses a fierce and fiery light that holds humanity fixed like a museum specimen--something from the ultimo that should be looked at behind an impersonal plate of glass (105-06). When not holding humanity captive, the cars lights revert to flashing ... dim lights, showing the absence of both real soul (106). The car is representative of several modern inventions, thereby embodying mankinds advancement. It is itself a robot, and it speaks in a phonograph division through a radio throat (105-06).Characterization, Theme, and Imagery of Ray Bradburys The Pedestrian Ray Bradbury, The PedestrianTwo Works Cited    Mankind has made great leaps toward progress with inventions like the television. However, as children give up reading and playing outdoors to plug into the television set, one might wonder whether it is progress or regression. In The Pedestrian, Ray Bradbury has chosen to make a statement on the effects of these improvements. Through characterization and imagery, he shows that if mankind advances to the point where society loses its humanity, then mankind may as well cease to exist.   Bradbury has elected to reflect the humanity of mankind in the character of Mr. Mead. First of all, Mr. Mead is associated with warm, bright light, which is symbolic of soul. If, during his night walks, people are alerted to his presence, lights ... click on (104). In essence, the embodiment of humanity is about. Mr. Meads house beams loud yellow illumination (105). Since literature not only records the history of mankind but also evokes deep feeling among men, it brings this occupation close to the heart of humanity. Third, Mr. Mead is close to nature. Something as simple as taking a walk is what Mr. Leonard Mead most dearly loved to do (104). Man is most human when surrounded by the elements. Also, Mr. Meads shadow is described as the shadow of a hawk, relating him to a wild and free-spirited bird (104). Last, Mr. Mead is brought into a parallel with the most tender and human holiday observed in the western world when the rush of cold air makes his lungs blaze like a Christmas tree (104). The combination of these elements makes Mr. Mead a true representative of humanity.   As a contrast to the humanity portrayed by Mr. Mead, Bradbury has mirrored the characteristics of progress in the police car. The car, as well as Mr. Mead, is associated with light. The light of the car, however, displays the absence of humanity. Rather than the warm light of Mr. Mead, the car possesses a fierce and fiery light that holds humanity fixed like a museum specimen--something from the past that should be looked at behind an impersonal plate of glass (105-06). When not holding humanity captive, the cars lights revert to flashing ... dim lights, showing the absence of any real soul (106). The car is representative of several modern inventions, thereby embodying mankinds advancement. It is itself a robot, and it speaks in a phonograph voice through a radio throat (105-06).

The Lost Tradition Essay -- Essays Papers

The Lost TraditionEvery Sunday was understood to be a family day. No one counterbalance thought to invite plans with friends or to schedule anything on that day. It was our family tradition. I only wish I appreciated that time with my family more(prenominal) as a child. It always started out the same way. My two brothers and I would awaken to the smell of breakfast, being cooked by my fuck off. We would climb out of bed and wearily make our way to the table. After eating more than we knew we should have, the calm that we once were all in disappeared. The hectic getting ready took over. There was fighting over the bathroom and trying to find lost shoes, even the occasional fist fight between my brothers and me. Although I hated getting ready in such disorganized circumstances, I would love to relive it again. My father rushed the three of us out of the door with barely enough time to make the five minute drive to CCD class. Directly after CCD, we would touch my parents in the ch urch for mass. As much as my brothers and I fought, we knew how to behave in church, and usually the hour passed uneventfully. We got the case of the giggles now and then, but a nookie look from my father put that to an end very quickly. The next part of the afternoon was the part I dreaded most. We would all be loaded up into our minivan and taken for long boring drives to the places my parents loved to go. I would have no choice but to stare at the miles of trees and to listen to the local country rate for hou...

The Indian and the White Communites in Dances with Wolves and Machimani

The Indian and the White Communites in Dances with Wolves and MachimanitoThe film Dances with Wolves sh ares a lot of its content with the story Machimanito. In Dances with Wolves, two nations come to interact with separately other. While the white man is dominating the land, the Indians are trying to protect both their land and themselves. In Machimanito, the story describes the epidemic and its effects on the Indians, firearm describing the ongoing conflict in the midst of Indians and the white man. There is a huge cultural difference between the white man and the Indians, which is reflected on their ways of purport and communities each lives a different life style including their interaction with nature and themselves, their authority within this community and finally the resulting conflict the interactions of these two nations. John Dunbar makes bear on with the Indians while existence posted on the frontier. As his relationship develops with Kicking Bird and both gain each others trust, he becomes unwrap of the Indian community his final transition can be seen when he is known by the name Dances with Wolves. The differences between the white and the Indian community are shown to the viewer while Dunbar is exploring it and is becoming aware of the differences himself. Some of the differences are shown in the ways and objectives of hunting the buffalos. While the Indians use the buffalos for both food and use the pare for clothes, the white man hunts down buffalos for their skin and horns killed only for their tongs and the price of their hides. Dunbar says One thing is clear however there is no buffalo and it weighs intemperately on their minds. This shows how important the buffalos are for the Indians, as their absence is a problem for thei... ...e and accurate approach of the Indians, where the reader can feel the story and the events as if he was Nanapush himself, as apposed to see and try to figure out the feelings like in Dances with Wolves. W e can see that in both Machimanito and Dances with Wolves, there is a conflict between the white society and the Indian society. The white trespassing society intervenes with the traditions and customs of the Indians which causes a threat to their culture. Since the white man views the Indian community as being native and tries to educate it by colonizing and implementing their own ways. Both these literary pieces show this conflict and the effects of the colonization on the Indians. While Dunbar comes to the conclusion Nothing Ive been told about these people is correct. They are not beggar and thieves. They are not the bogie men theyve been made out to be.

Computers and Homeland Security Essay -- United States Department of H

Computers and country of origin Security Homeland Security is one of the most important departments in the United States. The United States Department of Homeland Security job is to reduce our vulnerability to terrorism and lead a national effort to help prevent terrorist attacks on our nation (Computer Concept, pg. 50). As applied science evolves over the course of clock, computers end up playing a crucial role in country of origin security. Computer systems are used throughout unremarkable lifestyles in order to make difficult tasks much simple. The government utilizes such systems in order to support their efforts in locating suspected terrorists throughout U.S. limit lines. There are several software programs, which can be used in helping homeland security become successful. One program is cognise as the MATRIX, which is an abbreviation for the Multistate Anti-terrorism Information Exchange System. The MATRIX collects, analyzes, and exchanges te rrorist and criminal intelligence data among state and federal agencies. It is a useful program because it contains data, such as criminal histories, driver licenses, and vehicle registrations. . Computer technology has greatly increased the success of homeland security throughout recent years. It has increased the efficiency of homeland security because without software such as the MATRIX, identifying terrorists and locating criminal histories would become much more time consuming. Receiving satellite pictures and interfering phone calls with suspected terrorists would realise valuable time in the security process. Computers are beneficial because they can increase the speed of the security process and help us locate lively information with greater ease.... ...d much faster. Without computers we would be unable to track threats to our nation as fast, causing us to not be prepares, and would take to much time to look up histories of people without computers. Th ey are also able to identify people by fingerprints with the computers to track histories of that person. Not only computers increased security, but they hasten also created more jobs for people to work with the government. Works Cited Oja, Dan, and Parsons, June J. Computer Concepts. 8th ed. Boston, MA, 2006. Security-Enhanced Linux. January 7, 2005. October 4, 2005 . Travel and Transportation. Feb. 24, 2004. US Department of Homeland Security., Washington, DC. October 5, 2005 .

Computers and Homeland Security Essay -- United States Department of H

Computers and Homeland Security Homeland Security is one of the virtually important departments in the United States. The United States Department of Homeland Security job is to reduce our vulnerability to terrorism and lead a national drive to help prevent terrorist attacks on our nation (Computer Concept, pg. 50). As technology evolves over the course of time, computers end up playing a crucial role in mother country security. Computer systems are used throughout everyday lifestyles in align to make difficult tasks much simple. The government utilizes such systems in order to support their efforts in locating suspected terrorists throughout U.S. boundary lines. There are several software programs, which can be used in parcel homeland security become successful. One program is known as the MATRIX, which is an abbreviation for the Multi assert Anti-terrorism Information Exchange System. The MATRIX collects, analyzes, and exchanges terrorist and crimin al intelligence data among state and federal agencies. It is a useful program because it contains data, such as criminal histories, driver licenses, and vehicle registrations. . Computer technology has greatly increased the success of homeland security throughout recent years. It has increased the efficiency of homeland security because without software such as the MATRIX, identifying terrorists and locating criminal histories would become much much time consuming. Receiving satellite pictures and interfering phone calls with suspected terrorists would consume valuable time in the security process. Computers are beneficial because they can increase the expedite of the security process and help us locate vital information with greater ease.... ...d much faster. Without computers we would be unable to track threats to our nation as fast, create us to not be prepares, and would take to much time to look up histories of people without computers. They are also able to identify people by fingerprints with the computers to track histories of that person. Not only computers increased security, but they have also created more jobs for people to work with the government. Works Cited Oja, Dan, and Parsons, June J. Computer Concepts. 8th ed. Boston, MA, 2006. Security-Enhanced Linux. January 7, 2005. October 4, 2005 . Travel and Transportation. Feb. 24, 2004. US Department of Homeland Security., Washington, DC. October 5, 2005 .

Null Hypothesis

Why We Dont Accept the Null Hypothesis by Keith M. Bower, M. S. and James A. Colton, M. S. Reprinted with permission from the American Society for Quality When performing statistical hypothesis assays such as a one-sample t-test or the AndersonDarling test for normality, an investigator will either lower or fail to reject the zippo hypothesis, base upon sampled data. Frequently, results in Six Sigma projects contain the verbiage accept the empty hypothesis, which implies that the worthless hypothesis has been proven true.This article discusses wherefore such a practice is incorrect, and why this issue is more than a matter of semantics. Overview of Hypothesis Testing In a statistical hypothesis test, two hypotheses ar evaluated the null (H0) and the resource (H1). The null hypothesis is assumed true until proven otherwise. If the weight of evidence leads us to believe that the null hypothesis is highly un presumable (based upon prospect theory), then we sacrifice a statist ical basis upon which we may reject the null hypothesis. A common misconception is that statistical hypothesis tests are designed to select the more likely of two hypotheses.Rather, a test will stay with the null hypothesis until enough evidence (data) appears to support the alternative. The amount of evidence required to prove the alternative may be stated in terms of a confidence level (denoted X%). The confidence level is often specified before a test is conducted as part of a sample size calculation. We view the confidence level as equaling one minus the Type I erroneousness rate (? ). A Type I error is committed when the null hypothesis is wrongly rejected. An ? value of 0. 05 is typically employ, corresponding to 95% confidence levels.The p-value is used to determine if enough evidence exists to reject the null hypothesis in favor of the alternative. The p-value is the probability of incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis. The two possible conclusions, after assessing the data, are to 1. Reject the null hypothesis (p-value ? ) and conclude that there is not enough evidence to state that the alternative is true at the pre-determined confidence level of X%. Note that it is possible to state the alternative to be true at the lower confidence level of 100*(1 p-value)%. Ronald A.Fisher succinctly discusses the key point of our reputation In relation to any experiment we may speak of the null hypothesis, and it should be noted that the null hypothesis is never proved or established, solely is possibly disproved, in the course of experimentation. Every experiment may be said to exist only in order to give the facts a take place of disproving the null hypothesis. 1 A Helpful Analogy The U. S. Legal System Consider the example of the legal system in the United States of America. A somebody is considered innocent until proven guilty in a court of law.We may state this particular decision-making process in the form of a hypothesis test, as follows H0 Person is innocent vs. H1 Person is not innocent (i. e. , guilty) The responsibility then falls upon the prosecution to build a case to prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. It should be borne in mind that a jury will never find a person to be innocent. The defendant would be found not guilty in such a situation i. e. , the jury has failed to reject the null hypothesis. Decisions Based on Data We must curb in mind, of course, that it is always possible to draw an incorrect conclusion based upon sampled data.There are two kinds of error we can make Type I error. When the null hypothesis is rejected, practitioners identify to the Type I error when they present results, using language such as We reject the null hypothesis at the 5% significance level, or We reject the null hypothesis at the 95% confidence level. Type II error. A second possible mistake involves incorrectly failing to reject the null hypothesis. The power of a test is defined as one minus the Type II error rate, and is therefore the probability of correctly rejecting H0. The sample size plays an important role in determining the statistical power of a test.When statisticians address small sample sizes, they often refer to the power to justify their concerns. One may argue that the sample size would be too low to correctly detect a inequality from the hypothesized value, if that difference truly existed. Example of a Test with Low Power Consider a test that compares the mean of a process to a target value. The null and alternative hypotheses are, respectively H0 Process mean on target vs. H1 Process mean different from target Suppose two observations are collected everyday to monitor for a change in the process mean (i. e. , n = 2). Assume a one-sample t-test is carried out at the ? 0. 05 significance level (95% confidence level) and the resulting p-value is supra 0. 05. Fig. 1 One-Sample t-Test As is shown in Figure 1, there is less than a 50% chance (power = 0. 4944) such a test will correctly reject the null hypothesis even when the difference between the process mean and the target is six standard deviations. This is obviously an enormous statistical difference, yet the test (owing to the small sample size) would not be sensitive to it. The danger in concluding the process is on target with a sample size of two, for this example, is evident. ImplicationsAssessing and relaying findings in a cogent manner is critical for Six Sigma practitioners. In statistical hypothesis testing procedures, this means that investigators should avoid misleading language such as that which implies acceptance of the null hypothesis. Reference th 1. Ronald A. Fisher, The Design of Experiments, 8 ed. (New York Hafner Publishing Company Inc. , 1966), 17. Bibliography 1. Lenth, Russell V. Some Practical Guidelines for Effective Sample Size Determination. The American mathematical statistician 55, no. 3 (2001) 187-193. 2. Tukey, John W. Conclusions vs. Decisions. Technometrics 2, no. 4 (1960) 423433.

A Game of Thrones Chapter Five

JonThere were times non many, scarce a fewwhen Jon Snow was glad he was a bastard. As he filled his wine cup once more from a carry outing fl pastn, it struck him that this might be bingle of them.He colonised back in his home plate on the bench among the fresher squires and drank. The sweet, fruity taste of summerwine filled his mouth and brought a smile to his lips.The Great Hall of Winterfell was blurred with smoke and heavy with the smell of roasted meat and fresh-baked bread. Its grey stone walls were draped with banners. White, gold, crimson the direwolf of Stark, Baratheons crowned stag, the lion of Lannister. A singer was playing the steep harp and reciting a ballad, but down at this end of the hall his voice could scarcely be perceive above the roar of the fire, the clangor of pewter plates and cups, and the starting time-down mutter of a hundred drunken conversations.It was the fourth hour of the welcoming feast laid for the fag regnant. Jons brothers and siste rs had been seated with the royal children, beneath the raised platform where skipper and Lady Stark hosted the king and queen. In honor of the occasion, his lord father would doubtless permit each child a glass of wine, but no more than that. Down here on the benches, there was no one to stop Jon drinking as much as he had a hunger for.And he was finding that he had a mans thirst, to the raucous delight of the youths close to him, who urged him on every time he drained a glass. They were fine company, and Jon relished the stories they were telling, tales of passage of arms and bedding and the hunt. He was certain that his companions were more entertaining than the kings offspring. He had sated his curiosity about the visitors when they made their entrance. The procession had passed not a foot from the place he had been presumptuousness on the bench, and Jon had gotten a good long look at them all.His lord father had come first, escorting the queen. She was as beautiful as men said. A jeweled tiara gleamed amidst her long golden hair, its emeralds a perfect match for the green of her eyes. His father helped her up the steps to the dais and led her to her seat, but the queen neer so much as looked at him. Even at fourteen, Jon could contact through her smile.Next had come King Robert himself, with Lady Stark on his arm. The king was a spectacular disappointment to Jon. His father had talked of him often the peerless Robert Baratheon, demon of the Trident, the fiercest warrior of the realm, a giant among princes. Jon saw solo a fat man, red-faced downstairs his beard, sweating through his silks. He walked like a man half in his cups.After them came the children. Little Rickon first, managing the long walk with all the dignity a three-year-old could muster. Jon had to urge him on when he stopped to visit. Close behind came Robb, in grey wool trimmed with white, the Stark colors. He had the Princess Myrcella on his arm. She was a wisp of a girl, not qui te eight, her hair a cascade of golden curls under a jeweled net. Jon recoverd the shy looks she gave Robb as they passed between the tables and the timid focus she smiled at him. He decided she was insipid. Robb didnt even read the sense to realize how stupid she was he was grinning like a fool.His half sisters escorted the royal princes. Arya was paired with plump young Tommen, whose white-blond hair was longer than hers. Sansa, two years older, drew the crown prince, Joffrey Baratheon. He was twelve, younger than Jon or Robb, but taller than either, to Jons vast dismay. Prince Joffrey had his sisters hair and his stimulates dark green eyes. A thick tangle of blond curls dripped down past his golden choker and high velvet collar. Sansa looked radiant as she walked beside him, but Jon did not like Joffreys pouty lips or the bored, disdainful way he looked at Winterfells Great Hall.He was more interested in the pair that came behind him the queens brothers, the Lannisters of C asterly Rock. The Lion and the imp there was no mistaking which was which. Ser Jaime Lannister was twin to Queen Cersei tall and golden, with flashing green eyes and a smile that cut like a knife. He wore crimson silk, high black boots, a black satin cloak. On the breast of his tunic, the lion of his House was embroidered in gold thread, roaring its defiance. They called him the Lion of Lannister to his face and mouth Kingslayer behind his back.Jon found it hard to look away from him. This is what a king should look like, he thought to himself as the man passed.Then he saw the other one, waddling along half-hidden by his brothers side. Tyrion Lannister, the youngest of Lord Tywins brood and by far the ugliest. All that the gods had strainn to Cersei and Jaime, they had denied Tyrion. He was a dwarf, half his brothers height, struggling to keep maltreat on stunted legs. His judgement was too large for his body, with a brutes squashed-in face beneath a swollen shelf of brow. One green eye and one black one peered out from under a lank fall of hair so blond it bring downmed white. Jon watched him with fascination.The last of the high lords to enter were his uncle, Benjen Stark of the Nights Watch, and his fathers ward, young Theon Greyjoy. Benjen gave Jon a warm smile as he went by. Theon ignored him utterly, but there was nothing new in that. After all had been seated, toasts were made, thanks were given and returned, and then the feasting began.Jon had started drinking then, and he had not stopped.Something rubbed once against his leg beneath the table. Jon saw red eyes staring up at him. Hungry again? he asked. There was quiet half a honeyed chicken in the center of the table. Jon reached out to tear off a leg, then had a better idea. He knifed the bird whole and allow the carcass slide to the floor between his legs. Ghost ripped into it in savage silence. His brothers and sisters had not been permitted to bring their wolves to the banquet, but there were more curs than Jon could count at this end of the hall, and no one had said a word about his pup. He told himself he was fortunate in that too.His eyes stung. Jon rubbed at them savagely, cursing the smoke. He swallowed another gulp of wine and watched his direwolf devour the chicken.Dogs moved between the tables, trailing after the serving girls. One of them, a black mongrel bitch with long yellow eyes, caught a scent of the chicken. She stopped and edged under the bench to get a sh atomic number 18. Jon watched the confrontation. The bitch growled low in her throat and moved closer. Ghost looked up, silent, and fixed the dog with those hot red eyes. The bitch snapped an angry challenge. She was three times the size of the direwolf pup. Ghost did not move. He stood over his prize and opened his mouth, baring his fangs. The bitch tensed, barked again, then thought better of this fight. She turned and slunk away, with one last defiant snap to ransom her pride. Ghost went back t o his meal.Jon grinned and reached under the table to ruffle the shaggy white fur. The direwolf looked up at him, nipped gently at his hand, then went back to eating.Is this one of the direwolves Ive heard so much of? a familiar voice asked close at hand.Jon looked up happily as his uncle Ben commit a hand on his star and ruffled his hair much as Jon had ruffled the wolfs. Yes, he said. His name is Ghost.One of the squires interrupted the bawdy story hed been telling to touch room at the table for their lords brother. Benjen Stark straddled the bench with long legs and took the wine cup out of Jons hand. Summerwine, he said after a taste. Nothing so sweet. How many cups have you had, Jon?Jon smiled.Ben Stark laughed. As I feared. Ah, well. I believe I was younger than you the first time I got truly and sincerely drunk. He snagged a roasted onion, dripping brown with gravy, from a nearby trencher and bit into it. It crunched.His uncle was sharp-featured and gaunt as a mountain cra g, but there was always a hint of joke in his blue-grey eyes. He dressed in black, as befitted a man of the Nights Watch. Tonight it was rich black velvet, with high leather boots and a wide hit with a silver buckle. A heavy silver chain was looped round his neck. Benjen watched Ghost with amusement as he ate his onion. A very even-tempered wolf, he observed.Hes not like the others, Jon said. He never makes a sound. Thats why I named him Ghost. That, and because hes white. The others are all dark, grey or black.There are still direwolves beyond the Wall. We hear them on our rangings. Benjen Stark gave Jon a long look. Dont you usually eat at table with your brothers?Most times, Jon answered in a flat voice. entirely tonight Lady Stark thought it might give insult to the royal family to seat a bastard among them.I see. His uncle glanced over his shoulder at the raised table at the far end of the hall. My brother does not seem very festive tonight.Jon had noticed that too. A basta rd had to learn to notice things, to read the truth that battalion hid behind their eyes. His father was observing all the courtesies, but there was tightness in him that Jon had seldom seen before. He said little, feel out over the hall with hooded eyes, seeing nothing. Two seats away, the king had been drinking heavily all night. His broad face was flushed behind his great black beard. He made many a toast, laughed loudly at every jest, and attacked each dish like a starving man, but beside him the queen seemed as cold as an ice sculpture. The queen is angry too, Jon told his uncle in a low, quiet voice. Father took the king down to the crypts this afternoon. The queen didnt want him to go.Benjen gave Jon a careful, measuring look. You dont miss much, do you, Jon? We could use a man like you on the Wall.Jon swelled with pride. Robb is a stronger lance than I am, but Im the better sword, and Hullen says I sit a horse as well as anyone in the move.Notable achievements.Take me wit h you when you go back to the Wall, Jon said in a fulminant rush. Father pull up stakes give me leave to go if you ask him, I know he will.Uncle Benjen studied his face carefully. The Wall is a hard place for a boy, Jon.I am almost a man grown, Jon protested. I will turn fifteen on my next name day, and Maester Luwin says bastards grow up faster than other children.Thats true enough, Benjen said with a downward twist of his mouth. He took Jons cup from the table, filled it fresh from a nearby pitcher, and drank down a long swallow.Daeren Targaryen was only fourteen when he conquered Dorne, Jon said. The Young Dragon was one of his heroes.A conquest that lasted a summer, his uncle pointed out. Your Boy King lost ten grand men taking the place, and another fifty trying to hold it. Someone should have told him that war isnt a game. He took another sip of wine. Also, he said, wiping his mouth, Daeren Targaryen was only eighteen when he died. Or have you forgotten that part? I forget nothing, Jon boasted. The wine was making him bold. He tried to sit very straight, to make himself seem taller. I want to serve in the Nights Watch, Uncle.He had thought on it long and hard, lying abed at night while his brothers slept round him. Robb would someday inherit Winterfell, would command great armies as the Warden of the North. Bran and Rickon would be Robbs bannermen and rule holdfasts in his name. His sisters Arya and Sansa would marry the heirs of other great houses and go south as bawd of castles of their own. But what place could a bastard hope to earn?You dont know what youre asking, Jon. The Nights Watch is a sworn brotherhood. We have no families. None of us will ever father sons. Our wife is duty. Our mistress is honor.A bastard can have honor too, Jon said. I am ready to swear your jinx.You are a boy of fourteen, Benjen said. Not a man, not yet. Until you have known a woman, you cannot understand what you would be giving up.I dont care about that Jon said hot ly.You might, if you knew what it meant, Benjen said. If you knew what the oath would cost you, you might be less eager to pay the price, son.Jon felt anger rise inside him. Im not your sonBenjen Stark stood up. Mores the pity. He put a hand on Jons shoulder. Come back to me after youve fathered a few bastards of your own, and well see how you feel.Jon trembled. I will never father a bastard, he said carefully. Never He spat it out like venom.Suddenly he realized that the table had fallen silent, and they were all looking at him. He felt the tears begin to well behind his eyes. He pushed himself to his feet.I must be excused, he said with the last of his dignity. He whirled and bolted before they could see him cry. He must have drunk more wine than he had realized. His feet got tangled under him as he tried to leave, and he lurched sideways into a serving girl and sent a flagon of spiced wine crashing to the floor. Laughter boomed all around him, and Jon felt hot tears on his cheeks . Someone tried to fast(a) him. He wrenched free of their grip and ran, half-blind, for the door. Ghost followed close at his heels, out into the night.The yard was quiet and empty. A lone sentry stood high on the battlements of the cozy wall, his cloak pulled tight around him against the cold. He looked bored and miserable as he huddled there alone, but Jon would have traded places with him in an instant. Otherwise the castle was dark and deserted. Jon had seen an abandoned holdfast once, a drear place where nothing moved but the wind and the stones kept silent about whatever people had lived there. Winterfell reminded him of that tonight.The sounds of music and song spilled through the open windows behind him. They were the last things Jon wanted to hear. He wiped away his tears on the sleeve of his shirt, furious that he had let them fall, and turned to go.Boy, a voice called out to him. Jon turned.Tyrion Lannister was sitting on the ledge above the door to the Great Hall, look ing for all the world like a gargoyle. The dwarf grinned down at him. Is that animal a wolf?A direwolf, Jon said. His name is Ghost. He stared up at the little man, his disappointment suddenly forgotten. What are you doing up there? Why arent you at the feast?Too hot, too noisy, and Id drunk too much wine, the dwarf told him. I learned long ago that it is considered rude to vomit on your brother. Might I have a closer look at your wolf?Jon hesitated, then nodded slowly. Can you climb down, or shall I bring a ladder?Oh, bleed that, the little man said. He pushed himself off the ledge into empty air. Jon gasped, then watched with awe as Tyrion Lannister spun around in a tight ball, landed lightly on his hands, then vaulted backward onto his legs.Ghost backed away from him uncertainly.The dwarf dusted himself off and laughed. I believe Ive f justifiedlyened your wolf. My apologies.Hes not scared, Jon said. He knelt and called out. Ghost, come here. Come on. Thats it.The wolf pup padded closer and nuzzled at Jons face, but he kept a wary eye on Tyrion Lannister, and when the dwarf reached out to pet him, he drew back and bared his fangs in a silent snarl. Shy, isnt he? Lannister observed.Sit, Ghost, Jon commanded. Thats it. detainment still. He looked up at the dwarf. You can touch him now. He wont move until I tell him to. Ive been training him.I see, Lannister said. He ruffled the snow-white fur between Ghosts ears and said, Nice wolf.If I wasnt here, hed tear out your throat, Jon said. It wasnt actually true yet, but it would be.In that case, you had best stay close, the dwarf said. He cocked his oversized head to one side and looked Jon over with his mismatched eyes. I am Tyrion Lannister.I know, Jon said. He rose. Standing, he was taller than the dwarf. It made him feel strange.Youre Ned Starks bastard, arent you?Jon felt a coldness pass right through him. He pressed his lips together and said nothing.Did I offend you? Lannister said. Sorry. Dwarfs dont have to be tactful. Generations of capering fools in motley have won me the right to dress badly and say any damn thing that comes into my head. He grinned. You are the bastard, though.Lord Eddard Stark is my father, Jon admitted stiffly.Lannister studied his face. Yes, he said. I can see it. You have more of the north in you than your brothers.Half brothers, Jon corrected. He was pleased by the dwarfs comment, but he tried not to let it show.Let me give you some counsel, bastard, Lannister said. Never forget what you are, for surely the world will not. Make it your strength. Then it can never be your weakness. Armor yourself in it, and it will never be used to hurt you.Jon was in no mood for anyones counsel. What do you know about being a bastard?All dwarfs are bastards in their fathers eyes.You are your mothers trueborn son of Lannister.Am I? the dwarf replied, sardonic. Do tell my lord father. My mother died birthing me, and hes never been sure.I dont even know who my mother was, Jon said.Some woman, no doubt. Most of them are. He favored Jon with a rueful grin. Remember this, boy. All dwarfs may be bastards, yet not all bastards collect be dwarfs. And with that he turned and sauntered back into the feast, whistling a tune. When he opened the door, the light from within threw his shadow clear across the yard, and for just a moment Tyrion Lannister stood tall as a king.

Kung Fu and Its Effect on Asia

Living in the early 21st century, humanity is experiencing the rise of Asia lead by chinaw ar. Recently, mainland China seems to be the most(prenominal) developing nation in the foundation and has become a new economic motive. However, the world has noticed virtually China for a long time forward this rise because of the Kung-Fu exposure in Hollywood images. It can be verbalize the inclusion of warriorlike humanities in Hollywood movies has a great impact on occidental society in many courses and give thanks to this prominent practice, the image of Asia and Asiatic some expression has been changed so far in the western perception.First of all, Chinese soldierlike guiles are also k at a timen as Kung fu or Wushu, there are a number of traditional contracting styles that become developed over the centuries in China. According to Li (2001), Chinese warlike humanities film first appeared in Hong Kong since 1970s and this kind of movies was so successful. Li (2001) al so said that under the colonial condition, the national pride and the image of strong China were reflected by the manlike kung fu body as an empowering biding and self-defensive skill.Besides, Li (2001) also explained the reason that kung fu films can exist is the formulation of arbitrary generic conventions and the design of plot to create kung fu fight scenes. Through these movies, Chinese commonwealth can fight back down bullet when they are outgun (in Once upon a time in China film) or buffet firearms easily (in The Way of the Dragon movie). However, Kung fu was not world-wide known until 1972 by Bruce downwind. Bruce Lees The way of the Dragon or Return of the Dragon was the first Chinese warriorlike arts movie in Hollywood.In my opinion. Bruce Lee played an important role in the inclusion of martial arts in Hollywood movie as he created a whole new type of hero in cinemas. after(prenominal) I read Li (2001)s Kung Fu Negotiating nationalism and modernism, I understand t hat Bruce Lees characters were completely different from others. People can see Rambo (acted by Sylvester Stallone) and Terminator (acted by Arnold Schwarzenegger)-two classical action images in Hollywood are muscular and empowered by modern weapons and hi tech.Bruce Lees appearance is far from that, Lees power comes from hand-to-hand combat skills of Kung Fu and he often fight against imperialism and colonization. Yip (2011) takes an example of Lees film, in Fist of vexation, the film stars Lee as an apprentice who fight for the honor of Chinese pack and take revenge for his master. Moreover, he fights through a lot of battles including a number of Japnanese, a sensei, a Russian grapple and a katana expert. In all of Lees ilms, the idea of subjecting the body to the limit combining with exercises and national strengthening are considered as a way to be strong. It is clear that these films are not for entertaining but they are the messages Lee wants to tell to the world like his quotation in Fist of Fury Chinese are not sick men. As a result, martial arts movies have a great impact on air jacketern society. Up until now, martial film genre becomes so popular in the westside, especially The Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon won four Oscars in 2001 and earned 208 meg US dollars globally (Xinhua 2005).Furthermore, I find out that Zhen (2000) and Beale (2000) share a same view about why Kung fu film is reasonably hot as audiences hit the hay these films because it gives them something overblown action movies dont give them and Among all the film genres invented and reinvented in this century in different wears of the world, the martial arts film, with its foregrounded body language and spectacular visual choreography, is one of the few genres whose popularity is the most far reaching.Besides, Bruce Lees legacy is also inspiration for the next generations actors such as Jackie Chan, cat valium Li, Chuck Norris, Steven Seagal and Jean-Claude Van Damme, each with unique martial arts type. Since Bruce Lee first introduced Kung Fu to Western state, it has been an era of martial arts movie with hundreds of blockbusters. I also agree with Beale (2000) that As the success of The Matrix and Charlies Angels shows, martial arts now have become a part of mainstream filmmaking and audiences love these films because it gives them something overblown action movies dont give them.In other word, Kung Fu movies now is one of the most attractive and important genre of arts. In addition, the effect of the inclusion of Chinese martial arts movies is not only on the filmmaking industry but also other aspects in the West. Due to the boom in number of Kung Fu or martial arts films, Western people are arrayting used to Kung Fu and then, a lot of Western people study this fighting style. As a result, people whitethorn absorb the Chinese philosophy through learning Kung Fu.For example, based on my experience in watch these movies, by studying Kung Fu, know ledgeable peace of mind can be achieved by practicing martial arts and use it to protect themselves or the weaker. In my opinion, Chinese martial arts in general and Kung Fu films specifically have changed the image of Asia and Asian in the West. Because China is the biggest nation in Asia so people tend to look at China then, perceive the counterbalance kind of the same. First of all, the way Bruce Lee used Chinese fighting style in his movies is also nationalism.Back to the time Bruce Lee first introduced Kung Fu-a part of Chinese history (or Wushu) to the world, at that time Hong Kong was British-colonized so these films were made to negotiate the complex and conflicting experience of colonial modernity and post coloniality (Li, 2001). The films It can be said that Kung Fu films was a sense of self-orientalism as invoked and manipulated to create a sense of difference in postcolonial power dynamics an ideological maneuvering (Yan, 2009).Although China was undeveloped and coloni zed at that time, it shows that China is more than a colonized country and it has thousands of history years. Furthermore, in the 1970s, most of the Asia countries were still colonized or at war so thanks to these films, it makes Western people know that Asia countries had freedom and glory once and someways the way Western countries such as The U. S, Britian and France dominated was wrong. The world should know that Asia before being colonized has been free and it has a long history not only some colonized countries so it is reasonable that these Western countries should return their freedom.Second of all, the trouble is that in most Hollywood movies, Asian appear to be weak and easy to get hurt for example Watchmen (2009), some superhuman from the U. S took part in Vietnam War and they killed Vietnamese people brutally while the same situation in Rambo-First Blood (1982). However, martial arts films seem to be a good answer for that bias. In my opinion, it makes sense that domina ted countries should fight back. Chinese people and Asians in general appear to be tough.We always fight back whenever we get hurt and we also prove Bruce Lees quotation Chinese are not sick men but in this situation it can be understood as Asians are not sick men. The next thing is all of todays Asian martial artslike Karate, Kung-Fu, Judo, or Aikidowere developed to embody and apply philosophical ideas (Priest and Young, 2010) so introducing martial arts into movies can be a good way to present Asias philosophy. According to Priest and Young (2010) Karate, Kung Fu, Aikido and Judo- the most famous martial arts in Asia seem to be all based on Confucianism, and Buddhism.Basically, the main point of Asian martial arts is to build up body or to prevent from illnesses. According to Li (2001), Huo Yuanjia, a legendary Chinese kung fu master, shared the same idea since he said I hope that youll make the most of your skills and spread them to turn sick men into heroes. In addition, inner peace is what people study martial arts seek for so they try to avoid the pressure of normal victory or loss, which is quite corresponding to Buddhisms idea. Similarly, Cox (1999) said Kung Fu is about remaining the tai chi a yin-yang balance in terms of stylized aggression and inward control.All Karate, Kung-Fu, Judo, or Aikido are called as defensive skills not fighting ones and all martial arts masters teach their apprentice always help the weaker as well. Additionally, practicing this art requires both physics strength and mind. It means that e preciseone should practice it frequently and be innovative as martial arts are not limited by skills, combos or styles. It can be said that all Kung Fu movies always try to express the philosophy of martial arts to everybody. As a result, by watching Asian action movies, Western people can feel the noble term of martial arts in general.Before watching these movies, people can emboss Asians people such as Japanese Nazi, dominated ones, being unprotected or easy to get hurt. In my opinion, Chinese martial arts films may be a leap of faith because it can change the old perception of Western society. These things give the West a better view about our people then people from the West can realize that Asian love peace but it doesnt mean they are easy to get hurt. Moreover, Asian can be seen as brave, noble, generous and innovative people.Especially, heroism in martial arts movie is highly appreciated and heroes in those movies are often naive form of male nationalists such as a student, a waiter and even a farmer. Hence, it leads to a feeling from Western people that everyone in Asia know how to fight as well as everyone can be hero. Thanks to Kung Fu movies, the image of China also gets more attractive. In most of Chinese movies, a lot of beautiful sightseeing and historical structures such as The Great Wall and the Forbidden City are filmed so the West can feel that China is a very beautiful and charming country.As a result, it is likely that more and more tourists want to visit China and Asia and receive warm hospitality as well then the Asias economy can have a lot benefits due to the development of tourism. However, Chinese martial arts movies also have an issue to Asians in general. Jackie Chan, Jet Li, Donnie Yen, Chow Yun Fat and Lee Byung Hun are all famous actors in the world but they are all action genre stars. Surprisingly, very few Asians who are not kung fu or action actors/actresses are famous widely in the world. In another word, it means hat it seems to be hard for Asians be successful in Hollywood without taking the acting career as Bruce Lee did. Moreover, kung fu-action movies are getting more and more popular so many Asians have the chance to be famous in Hollywood. However, in my opinion, if the situation continues, Western people will keep the perception that the people from Asians just know Kung fu and show people how to fight on the screen and Asians dont have any other talents. It may have a negative impact on Asia in the future as everyone expects Asians to know Kung Fu and it is the only thing people see in Asians.In my opinion, China particularly and Asia in general have to do something to change that situation. Nowadays, with the lead of China and India, the world is experiencing the rise of Asia many Asia countries now become the new economic power such as South Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore (Gregory D, 2009). The Asias image now seems to be the new economic power in the Western society but I think it is still not enough. We can shape the image of dynamic and powerful Asia and Asians based on not only movies industry but also tourism, culture, history, economy and unruffleds.In conclusion, the appearance of Chinese martial arts Hollywood movies started by Bruce Lee (Lee Jun-fan) has some impacts on the Western society since the 1970s. It created a revolution of a new era The Kung Fu Action movies and it lead the ways of acting styles for a gen eration of actors like Jackie Chan, Jet Li, Chuck Norris, Steven Seagal and Jean-Claude Van Damme. Moreover, Kung Fu and Asian philosophy are expanding quickly in Western society, for example Wushu and Jeet Kun Do a. k. The Way of the Intercepting Fist (found by Bruce Lee) become very popular in Western countries. Basically, the prominent of Chinese martial arts movies somehow changes the image of Asia and Asian in the West massively. Due to the colony of the West in the pass, Asia and Asians seemed to be weak and unprotected but these films reflect a part of long history of Asia and express the independence, nationalism and freedom of Asia nations as well. In addition, by understanding martial arts and Asian philosophy, the West can see that Asians are brave, noble, generous and innovative.Likewise, that type of movie tends to introduce the image of a beautiful China as well as Asia in general so that it attracts more and more people to visit Asia. Nevertheless, these action movies nowadays somehow make the people all over the world think all Asians must know Kung Fu and Asians dont have any other talents. After doing this essay, I realize that a small practice such as soft-nationalism, the inclusion of martial arts in Hollywood movies, Asian pop culture, Asian food, acupuncture practice from each nation can have a lot benefits to a country and the whole continent in terms of economy, politic and image,etc.I think that Vietnam particularly and other countries in Asia should have a practice, or a product, or an ideology so that we can put our nationalism, philosophy and messages to the West to show them that the Asia is no longer colonized countries but it now are free, innovative and dynamic. ? Reference list 1. Beale, L. 2000, FIGHTING FOR THE SOUL Why martial arts movies kicked in, New York, N. Y. , United States, New York, N. Y. 2. Cox, C. 1999, Putting the art in martial arts Chinese master emphasizes the intricacies, grace of wushu, Boston, Mass. United States, Boston, Mass 3. Chinese martial arts movies a myth to be forgotten or rewritten 2005, , Woodside, United States, Woodside. 4. Gregory D, et al. Johnston R, Pratt G, Watts M, and Whatmore S (2009). The Dictionary of Human Geography, 5th ed.. Malden, MA Blackwell. p. 52, 5. Li, SL 2001, Kung Fu Negotiating Nationalism and Modernity, cultural Studies, vol. 15, np. 3-5, pp. 515-542 6. Priest, G. & Young, D. 2010, martial(a) Arts and Philosophy Beating and Nothingness, Open Court. . Yan, G & Santos, CA 2009, China Forever Tourism discourse and self-orientalism, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 292-315. 8. Yip, M. F. 2011, Martial arts cinema and Hong Kong modernity Bodies, genders, and transnational imaginaries, The University of Chicago 9. Zhen, Z. 2000, Bodies in the Air The Magic of Science and the Fate of the Early Martial Arts Film in China, Post Script Essays in Film and the Humanities, vol. 20, no. 2-3, pp. 43-60.

Mr. Shamal Fernando

I am dealing with Cardiovascular, Anti diabetic and general product ordain. There be 7 Sirs and 3 sales representatives under my supervision, and the product range is highly expensive. I am responsible of the growth and the monthly sales of the above range including the strategic implementation for products. Also I am responsible for the training, Development and whole island Sales. In Sir Lankan I report to the Managing Director and the Principles. I have 7+ years of trade and Sales experience in Pharmaceutical, Insurance and Consumer products both in SSL and Philippines. Also I was worked as an Educational counselor at speech power in Philippines.At the moment Im giving teaching sessions to the orphaned children. I do Serviced Customers, enthusiastically and deliberately to provide Excellent customer satisfaction. Objective To be a productive & innovative marketing oriented person in the Pharmaceutical ,fast moving & challenging business environment and to acquire and enhance m y cognition and be able to effectively practice these in the pursuance of my career. I pursue to become a Professional customer service individual on with good Salesmanship and Management and to be the most highlighted individual in my career. Person My Sales, Marketing and Customer oriented services counts more than 7 years.I have a good understanding of customer needs and their mentality on purchasing goods. I am very much capable of handling Sales & Marketing staff to get the best out of them. I have been awarded the hard & diligent working employee in one of my former companies. I have inexhaustibly worked in any company I worked with honesty. I as an individual always try to delight people whom I associate with . This has made me a preferred employee by my superiors where-ever I have worked. I have a very good command of English. Educational Qualifications I passed the G. C. E OIL run in December 1997 with one distinction pass and seven credit passes.

Taskin Ahmed

What Is Globalization? Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on policy-making systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well-being in societies around the world. Globalization is not new, though.For thousands of years, peopleand, later, corporationshave been buying from and change to each other in lands at great distances, such as through the famed Silk Road across Central Asia that connected China and atomic number 63 during the Middle Ages. Likewise, for centuries, people and corporations have invested in enterprises in other countries. In fact, many of the features of the current wave of globalization are similar to those prevailing onwards the outbreak of the First World War in 1914. r Is it the integration of econom ic, political, and cultural systems across the globe? Or is it Americanization and United States dominance of world af circuss? Is globalization a force for economic growth, prosperity, and democratic freedom? Or is it a force for environmental devastation, exploitation of the developing world, and suppression of human rights? positivistic impacts of Globalization Globalization is the new catchphrase in the world economy, dominating the globe since the nineties of the last century.People relied more than on the market economy, had more faith in private capital and resources, international organizations started playing a vital role in the development of developing countries. The impact of globalization has been fair enough on the developing economies to a certain extent. It brought along with it varied opportunities for the developing countries. It gave a fillip for better access to the developed markets. The technology beam promised better productivity and thus improved standard of living.